Evolution of Rotating Supermassive Stars: Low-Viscosity Limit

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Thermal emission from a rotating, supermassive star will cause the configuration to contract slowly and spin up. If internal viscosity and magnetic fields are sufficiently weak, the contracting star will rotate differentially. In this limit, the fate of a cooling supermassive star depends sensitively on its initial angular momentum distribution. If the star is nearly spherical and in uniform rotation initially, then cooling and contraction will cause it to flatten and spin up to the mass-shedding limit. Subsequent cooling may lead to mass and angular momentum loss which might eventually drive the configuration to the onset of dynamical collapse. However, for other initial profiles characterized by differential rotation, mass-shedding limits do not always exist along an evolutionary sequence. Instead, a supermassive star will encounter the dynamical bar-mode instability, which may trigger the growth of nonaxisymmetric bars. Either scenario may lead to the generation of long wavelength gravitational waves, which could be detectable by future space-based laser interferometers like LISA.

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