Evolution of black-hole intermediate-mass X-ray binaries

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Introduction: It has been suggested that black-hole low-mass X-ray binaries (BHLMXBs) with short orbital periods may have evolved from black-hole intermediate-mass X-ray binaries (BHIMXBs), in which the secondaries could possess anomalously high magnetic fields, so that magnetic braking can lead to substantial loss of angular momentum. Methods: In this paper we propose an alternative mechanism for orbital angular momentum loss in BHIMXBs. We assume that a small fraction δ of the transferred mass from the donor star form a circumbinary disc surrounding the binary system. The tidal torques exerted by the disc can effectively drain orbital angular momentum from the binary. We have numerically calculated the evolutionary sequences of BHIMXBs to examine the influence of the circumbinary disc on the binary evolution. Results: Our results indicate that for adequate values of δ the circumbinary disc can cause secular orbital shrinking, leading to the formation of BHLMXBs, otherwise the orbits always expand during the evolution. Discussion: This scenario also suggests the possible existence of luminous, persistent BHLMXBs.

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