Evidence Of Episodic Mass Accretion In Low-luminosity, Embedded Protostars

Details Evidence Of Episodic Mass Accretion In Low-luminosity, Embedded Protostars Evidence Of Episodic Mass Accretion In Low-luminosity, Embedded Protostars

Jan 2012

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2012aas...21920806k&link_type=abstract

American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #219, #208.06

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

Scientific paper

We present Spitzer IRS spectroscopy of CO2 ice toward 19 young stellar objects (YSOs) with luminosity lower than 1 Lsun. Pure CO2 ice forms only at elevated temperature, T > 20 K, and thus at higher luminosity. Pure CO2 ice formation processes are irreversible. It will not disappear unless it evaporates. Current internal luminosities of YSOs with L < 1 Lsun do not provide such conditions out to radii of typical envelopes. Significant amounts of pure CO2 ice would signify a higher past luminosity. We analyze 15.2 micron CO2 ice bending mode absorption lines in comparison to the laboratory data. We decompose pure CO2 ice from 15 out of 19 young low luminosity sources. Eight sources show a significant double peak in the optical depth, which provides unambiguous evidence for pure CO2 ice. The presence of the pure CO2 ice component indicate high dust temperature and hence high luminosity in past. The total CO2 ice amount can be explained by long period of low luminosity stage between episodic accretion bursts as predicted in an episodic accretion scenario. Chemical modeling shows that the episodic accretion scenario explains the observed total CO2 ice amount best. A detailed analysis has been performed for one low luminosity Class 0 object CB130-1-IRS1. A full SED fitting with a radiative transfer model shows that the internal luminosity of CB130-1-IRS1 is as low as 0.14 - 0.16 Lsun. The best fitting chemical evolution model requires episodic accretion and the formation of CO2 ice from CO ice during the low luminosity periods. This process removes C from the gas phase, providing a much improved fit to the observed gas-phase molecular lines and the CO2 ice absorption feature. Also we detected the pure CO2 ice component around CB130-1-IRS1, which is an evidence of past heating.

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