Evidence for Extinct Vanadium-49 in Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains from Supernovae

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

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Stars: Circumstellar Matter, Ism: Dust, Extinction, Nuclear Reactions, Nucleosynthesis, Abundances, Stars: Supernovae: General

Scientific paper

We report Si, Ca, and Ti-V isotopic data for seven presolar silicon carbide grains of type X separated from the Murchison CM2 meteorite. The silicon carbide X grains most likely formed in the ejecta of Type II supernova explosions as indicated by large isotopic anomalies. The X grains of this study have 29Si/28Si and 30Si/28Si ratios of 0.56-0.75 and 0.41-0.62 times the solar value, respectively. Slight enrichments in 44Ca are observed, possibly due to the decay of radioactive 44Ti (t1/2=60 yr). While 46Ti/48Ti, 47Ti/48Ti, and 50Ti/48Ti ratios are close to solar, all X grains have enhanced 49Ti/48Ti ratios of up to 1.9 times the solar ratio. The 49Ti/48Ti ratios are positively correlated with 51V/48Ti ratios, suggestive of the incorporation of live 49V (t1/2=330 days) during silicon carbide condensation. This implies that the grains formed on a timescale of several months after supernova explosion.

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