Euclid's theorem on the infinitude of primes: a historical survey of its proofs (300 B.C.--2012) and another new proof

Details Euclid's theorem on the infinitude of primes: a historical survey of its proofs (300 B.C.--2012) and another new proof Euclid's theorem on the infinitude of primes: a historical survey of its proofs (300 B.C.--2012) and another new proof

2012-02-16

arxiv.org/abs/1202.3670v1

Mathematics

History and Overview

19 pages. We provide a comprehensive historical survey of 70 different proofs famous Euclid's theorem on the infinitude of pri

Scientific paper

In this article, we provide a comprehensive historical survey of different proofs of famous Euclid's theorem on the infinitude of prime numbers. The Bibliography of this article contains 99 references consisting of 24 textbooks and monographs, 73 articles (including 20 {\it Notes} published in {\it Amer. Math. Monthly} and a few unpublished works that are found on Internet Websites, especially on {\tt http:arxiv.org/}), one {\it Ph.D. thesis} and {\it Sloane's On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences}. The all references concerning to proofs of Euclid's theorem that use similar methods and ideas are exposed subsequently. Moreover, in Appendix we present a list of all 70 different proofs of Euclid's theorem presented here together with the corresponding reference(s), the name(s) of his (their) author(s) and the main method(s) and/or idea(s) used in it (them). This list is arranged by year of publication. In Section 2, we give a new simple proof of the {\it infinitude of primes}. The first step of our proof is based on Euclid's idea. The remaining of the proof is quite simple and elementary and it does not use the notion of divisibility.

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