Estimation of Ionospheric S4 Scintillation Indices from GPS Differential TEC Measurements Using a Discretized Phase Screen Approach

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0669 Scattering And Diffraction, 2439 Ionospheric Irregularities, 2494 Instruments And Techniques, 6964 Radio Wave Propagation

Scientific paper

The GPS satellite constellation is a valuable source of ionospheric radio wave propagation information, providing information on total electron content and L-band scintillation along as many as 10 or more lines of sight simultaneously from a single receiver. However, because of the relatively high frequency of the GPS carrier, direct GPS signal strength measurements are sensitive only to relatively intense scintillation and fail to detect many events producing moderate to severe scintillation at lower frequencies. This dramatically limits the utility of direct GPS scintillation measurements in the mid and high latitude regions, especially during solar minimum. To overcome these limitations we have developed a technique for estimating the S4 scintillation index at any desired frequency using a discretized one-dimensional phase screen constructed from differential GPS TEC measurements. Comparison of the estimated S4 values with actual measurements shows good agreement at the 1.6 GHz GPS L1 frequency using only a minimal phase screen representation. Comparison with measurements at other frequencies suggests that the TEC-based S4 estimates are sensitive down to S4 values as low as 0.2 at 250 MHz. Simulations comparing a number of phase screen realizations truncated and sub-sampled at various resolutions indicate that S4 values are preserved over a wide range of sampling intervals and do not deviate significantly until the sampling interval approaches the Fresnel radius. Optimization of sampling rates and phase screen resolution will be discussed in the context of plasma drift, satellite motion, signal frequency, and observation geometry.

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