Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Scientific paper
2011-05-22
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Scientific paper
In experiments that are aimed at detecting astrophysical sources such as neutrino telescopes, one usually performs a search over a continuous parameter space (e.g. the angular coordinates of the sky, and possibly time), looking for the most significant deviation from the background hypothesis. Such a procedure inherently involves a "look elsewhere effect", namely, the possibility for a signal-like fluctuation to appear anywhere within the search range. Correctly estimating the $p$-value of a given observation thus requires repeated simulations of the entire search, a procedure that may be prohibitively expansive in terms of CPU resources. Recent results from the theory of random fields provide powerful tools which may be used to alleviate this difficulty, in a wide range of applications. We review those results and discuss their implementation, with a detailed example applied for neutrino point source analysis in the IceCube experiment.
Gross Elizabeth
Vitells Ofer
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