Estimating Masses and Orbits of Planets in Multiple-planet Systems with Joint Astrometry and RV Data Sets

Details Estimating Masses and Orbits of Planets in Multiple-planet Systems with Joint Astrometry and RV Data Sets Estimating Masses and Orbits of Planets in Multiple-planet Systems with Joint Astrometry and RV Data Sets

Jan 2009

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2009aas...21345603c&link_type=abstract

American Astronomical Society, AAS Meeting #213, #456.03; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 41, p.357

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

Scientific paper

We describe a new algorithm for combining RV and astrometric observations of multiple-planet systems to obtain orbits and masses of individual planets. Because the algorithm uses only three nonlinear parameters per planet (instead of the usual five), its fast execution speed facilitates the application of MCMC methods to this problem.
Multiple planet systems are relatively common; nearly 30 of about 200 known planetary systems discovered by RV have two or more planets, and many `single-planet’ systems show trends suggesting long period planets.
RV observers routinely resolve multiple-planet systems, providing orbital solutions (but not masses or inclinations) for each planet. Though astrometry provides full orbital and mass solutions, the problem is more challenging; long-period orbits become confused with proper motion, and parallax can significantly attenuate the signal of a one-year planet.
Combining longer-timespan RV data with astrometric data helps resolve multiple-planet systems by providing more information, as well as the capabilities to (1) access planets with periods between the timespans of the astrometric and RV observations, (2) determine orbit orientations in 3D, and (3) potentially eliminate `false alarm’ detections.
In a recent double-blind test, we showed that combining simulated astrometric observations over 5 years (i.e., from the SIM-Lite mission) with ground-based RV observations covering 15 years provides the capability of detecting and characterizing Earthlike planets in multiple planet systems orbiting a solar-mass star at 10 pc.
This work was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA.

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