Other
Scientific paper
Jun 1995
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1995sowi.conf...46b&link_type=abstract
Delaware Univ., International Solar Wind 8 Conference, p. 46
Other
Heliosphere, Magnetic Fields, Solar Wind, Toroids, Cosmic Rays, Azimuth, Sun, Solar Cycles
Scientific paper
Analysis of heliospheric magnetic fields at 1 AU shows that 1024 Mx of net azimuthal flux escapes from the Sun per solar cycle. This rate is consistent with rates derived from other indicators of flux escape, including coronal mass ejections and filament eruptions. The toroidal flux escape rate is compared with the apparent rate of flux emergence at the solar surface, and it is concluded that escaping toroids will remove at least 20% of the emerging flux, and may remove as much as 100% of emerging flux if multiple eruptions occur on the toroids. The data imply that flux escapes the Sun with an efficiency far exceeding Parker's upper limit estimate of 3%. Toroidal flux escape is almost certainly the source of the observed overwinding of the interplanetary magnetic field spiral. Two mechanisms to facilitate net flux escape are discussed: helicity charging to push open the fields and flux transport with reconnection to close them off. We estimate the Sun will shed approximately 2 x 1045 of magnetic helicity per solar cycle, leading to a mean helicity density of 100 Mx2cm-3 at 1 AU, which agrees well with observations.
Bieber John W.
Rust David Maurice
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