ERTS-1 Imagery of Eastern Africa: a First Look at the Geological Structure of Selected Areas

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

ERTS imagery of the African rift system resolves the major Cainozoic faults, zones of warping, and associated volcanism. It also clearly depicts the crustal "grain" of the Precambrian rocks where these are exposed. New structural features, or new properties of known features-such as greater extent, continuity, and linearity - are revealed by the ERTS imagery. This applies, for example, to the NE-SW fracture zones in Yemen, the Aswa mylonite zone at the northern end of the Western Rift, the Nandi Fault of western Kenya, the linear faults of the Elgeyo escarpment in the Gregory Rift, and the Hemibasins of warped Tertiary lavas on the Red Sea margin of Yemen, matching those of the Ethiopian plateau-Afar margin. A tentative scheme is proposed, relating the effect on the pattern of Cainozoic faulting of the degree of obliquity to Precambrian structural trend. It is particularly noteworthy that, even where the Precambrian grain determines the rift faulting to be markedly oblique to the overall trend of the rift trough - for example, in central Lake Tanganyika - the width of the trough is not significantly increased. Some ground-mapped lithological boundaries are obscure on ERTS imagery. This is partly due to the limitations of satellite imagery, but it also seems that present approaches to mapping of Precambrian terrain in Africa may require radical revision with the input of satellite imagery.

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