Biology – Quantitative Biology – Populations and Evolution
Scientific paper
2011-08-04
Proc. R. Soc. B 7 May 2012 vol. 279 no. 1734 1777-1783
Biology
Quantitative Biology
Populations and Evolution
21 pages, 21 figures
Scientific paper
10.1098/rspb.2011.2183
In evolution, the effects of a single deleterious mutation can sometimes be compensated for by a second mutation which recovers the original phenotype. Such epistatic interactions have implications for the structure of genome space - namely, that networks of genomes encoding the same phenotype may not be connected by single mutational moves. We use the folding of RNA sequences into secondary structures as a model genotype-phenotype map and explore the neutral spaces corresponding to networks of genotypes with the same phenotype. In most of these networks, we find that it is not possible to connect all genotypes to one another by single point mutations. Instead, a network for a phenotypic structure with $n$ bonds typically fragments into at least $2^n$ neutral components, often of similar size. While components of the same network generate the same phenotype, they show important variations in their properties, most strikingly in their evolvability and mutational robustness. This heterogeneity implies contingency in the evolutionary process.
Johnston Iain G.
Louis Ard A.
Schaper Steffen
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