Empirical Mass Determination for Transiting Brown Dwarfs and Very Low Mass Stars

Computer Science

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We are undertaking a large systematic time-resolved photometric study of a dozen nearby, young (pre-main sequence) and rich open clusters (the Monitor Project). We are using this study to search for young transiting planets and very low-mass eclipsing binary systems and browndwarfs. The goals are 1) to detect the first planets orbiting stars younger than 200 Myr, and measure their periods, mass (with RV follow-up observations) and number densities, and 2) to enable empirical mass determinations for very-low-mass pre-main sequence stars and brown dwarfs. We are targeting a large sample of young and rich open clusters of known age, distance and metallicity. In this proposal, we will use the CTIO-4m telescope with MosaicII to take high cadence photometry of the young open clusters M50 and NGC 2362. In these 2 clusters we will measure over 700 very low mass stars and brown dwarfs at the precisions needed to detect planetary and stellar/sub-stellar eclipses. We will take follow-up spectroscopy to confirm planet candidates and directly measure the component masses of the binaries. This will enable us to place constraints on planet formation and evolution scenarios for close- in planets, and to calibrate the mass-luminosity-radius relation at the bottom of the main sequence and into the brown dwarf regime.

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