Elliptic Orbit Constellations for Regional Communication and Molniya-Zond Satellite Constellation

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Scientific paper

Satellite constellations for regional communication in north hemisphere based on elliptic orbits with critical inclination and perigee in south hemisphere are considered. Several constellations for continuous zonal coverage are proposed. The constellations consist of 4-8 satellites which are arranged in 2-3 orbital planes with symmetrically placing around the equator. A coverage statistics and comparative analysis are presented. A geometry of continuous coverage for a latitude band is described. It is found, that a more suitable constellation for appropriate latitude band and minimal elevation angle can be choosed among the constellations with the same total number of satellites, equal orbits and various phasing angles between satellites of adjacent orbits. Problems of coverage area expansion due to launch of additional satellites and/or orbit change is considered. The new regional satellite communication system MOLNIYA-ZOND with such type of satellite constellation is shortly described.

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