Elevation reference systems for the planets and moons

Computer Science

Scientific paper

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Elevation, Lunar Maps, Photomapping, Planetary Mapping, Reference Systems, Topography, Ellipsoids, Mars Surface, Phobos, Planetary Gravitation, Radii, Scale (Ratio), Spheres, Venus Surface

Scientific paper

The reference surfaces used in the topographic mapping of the moon, Venus, Mars and Phobos are discussed. For the moon, the surface used was a sphere of radius 1730.000 km, ensuring that no feature would have a negative elevation. Maps made at scales of 1:1,000,000, 1:250,000 and 1:50,000, 1:15,000 and 1:10,000 had contour intervals of 0.5 km, 100 m and 50 to 10 m, respectively. The map derived from Pioneer-Venus data of Venus was based on a reference sphere of radius 6045.0 km and used contour intervals from 1 to 0.5 m. The construction of topographic maps of the Martian satellite Phobos from Mariner-9 photographs required the use of a triaxial ellipsoid of semiaxes 13.5, 10.7 and 9.6 km. The most complex level surface employed was that for Mars, which was calculated from the gravitational parameters of the planet and the isobaric surface at a pressure of 6 mbar and which may be approximated by a triaxial ellipsoid of semiaxes 3394.6, 3393.3, and 3376.3 km.

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