Electron densities during winter anomalous absorption of different intensity observed at 37.1 deg N, 6.73 deg W, during winter 1975/76. I, II

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D Region, Ionospheric Electron Density, Midlatitude Atmosphere, Winter, Anomalies, Electromagnetic Absorption, Ionospheric Ion Density, Rocket Sounding, Vertical Distribution

Scientific paper

The paper describes in situ measurements of electron concentration in the D-region of the ionosphere obtained with various probe techniques during the Western European Winter Anomaly Campaign in 1975/76. Electron density profiles were measured when the amount of absorption was low, medium, or winter-anomalous at time of launch. The electron density increased at heights between 75 and 95 km when winter-anomaly was present. One probe technique provided ionization measurements at heights well below the D-region where the number density of free electrons is very small compared with that of negative ions, establishing that the ratio of the number density of negative ions to that of free electrons had changed in favor of electrons in the height range between 58 and 62 km when the launches took place. Significant increases in ion density were observed at the 40 km height which were not related to air temperatures nor to cosmic ray intensity measured on the ground.

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