Effect of Solar Variability on the Evolution of Equatorial Spread F

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

Equatorial spread F (ESF) is a nighttime phenomenon of the equatorial and low latitude ionospheres. Its genesis is the growth of a generalized version of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability on the bottom-side of the equatorial F region. Ostensibly, conditions favorable for the growth of the instability are always present during post-sunset hours. However, the day-to-day variability in the occurrence and spatio-temporal characteristics of the electron density irregularities associated with ESF continues to elude explanation. Investigation of this phenomenon is of relevance from the practical point of view as well; since the intermediate scale length (~100m to a few km) irregularities associated with ESF, scatter incident radio waves of VHF or higher frequencies to produce fluctuations or scintillations in amplitude and phase of such radio signals recorded on the ground. Detrimental effects of ionospheric scintillations on satellite based communication and navigation systems such as GPS are particularly severe in the equatorial anomaly region. Solar variability has been observed to influence the ESF phenomenon. Effects of different aspects of solar variability on the evolution of ESF irregularities is explored here, on the basis of observations of ionospheric scintillations produced on radio wave signals by the intermediate scale ESF irregularities.

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