Nonlinear Sciences – Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Scientific paper
2000-06-30
Published in Proceedings of GECCO99, ed.s W. Banzhaf et al, pp 1382-1390, Morgan Kaufmann (1999)
Nonlinear Sciences
Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
8 pages, 3 postscript figures
Scientific paper
The effect of genetic operators other than selection, such as mutation and recombination, on the genotype-phenotype map is considered. In particular, when the genotypic fitness landscape exhibits a ``symmetry'', i.e. many genotypes corresponding to the same phenotype have equal fitness values, it is shown that such operators can break this symmetry. The consequences of this ``induced symmetry breaking'' are investigated. Specifically, it is shown that it generically leads to an increase in order or self-organization in the system and to the phenomenon of orthogenesis. Additionally, it is shown that it potentially leads to a more robust evolution circumventing some of the problems of brittleness. The above points are supported by explicit, analytic results associated with some simple one and two-locus models and also by some much more complicated numerical simulations.
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