Statistics – Computation
Scientific paper
Nov 1973
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1973saosr.353.....g&link_type=abstract
SAO Special Report #353 (1973)
Statistics
Computation
22
Scientific paper
Part I: Historical Introduction, by C. A. Lundquist and F. L. Whipple. The origins of the satellite geodesy program at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory are described, starting with the International Geophysical Year, continuing through a number of international programs, and culminating with the National Geodetic Satellite Program and the results described in this publication. The philosophical basis for the Baker-Nunn camera and the laser ranging system, the evolution of international scientific cooperation, and the significance of the results are discussed. Part II: SAO Network: Instrumentation and Data Reduction, by M. R. Pearlman, J. M. Thorp, C. R. H. Tsiang, D. A. Arnold, C. G. Lehr, and J. Wohn. The SAO optical satellite tracking network that supported the National Geodetic Satellite Program is described. Particular attention is given to the instrumentation of the lasers, the Baker-Nunn cameras, and the station timing systems in use during the prgram. Network operations and data-reduction techniques are also discussed, along with a history of network site locations. Part III: Satellite Dynamics, by E. M. Gaposchkin. The perturbations of an artificial close-earth satellite are developed in analytical form. Gravitational perturbations due to the geopotential, the sun, the moon, the body tide, and the ocean tides are treated; and nongravitational perturbations due to atmospheric drag and radiation pressure are developed. Also discussed are applications of the development for orbit determination and computation. Part IV: Estimate of Gravity Anomalies, by M. R. Williamson and E. M. Gaposchkin. The method of obtaining 5° X 5° mean gravity anomalies from 1° X 1° mean free-air gravimetry data is discussed, and various estimate procedures are considered. The assumption of the stationarity of the gravity data is also investigated. We conclude that a simplified estimate procedure is the best one for obtaning the 5°X5° mean anomalies. Part V: Determination of the Geopotential, by E. M. Gaposchkin, M. R. Williamson, Y. Kozai, and G. Mendes. Laser and optical satellite-tracking data are combined with surface-gravity data to determine spherical harmonics representing the geopotential to 18th degree and order. The resulting generalized gravity field has an accuracy of 64 mgal2, i. e., a generalized geoid with an accuracy of 2.5 m. Satellite orbits are computed to an accuracy of 5 to 10 m. Part VI: Determination of Station Coordinates, by E. M. Gaposchkin, J. Latimer, and G. Veis. The analysis of satellite data combined with surface measurements has resulted in the determination of the coordinates of 90 satellite-tracking sites. The tracking data used for determining these station locations come from the following: SAO camera and laser network, BC-4 camera network, Goddard Space Flight Center laser stations, Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales laser stations, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Dee Space Net, Individual cooperating observatories. The camera systems provided all the simultaneous observations, while both camera and laser stations made routine observations. JPL reduced the DSN tracking data and provided SAO with a solution and its covariance matrix. In some cases, geodetic coordinates were used as observations with a priori variances to relate a set of stations in a local datum. Combination of these data results in an accuracy of 2 to 4 m for the fundamental laser stations and 5 to 10 m for the fundamental optical network.
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