Early dark energy from zero-point quantum fluctuations

Details Early dark energy from zero-point quantum fluctuations Early dark energy from zero-point quantum fluctuations

2011-04-19

arxiv.org/abs/1104.3797v3

Phys.Lett.B704:102-107,2011

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics

7 pages, 3 figures; v3: improved discussion, references added

Scientific paper

10.1016/j.physletb.2011.09.010

We examine a cosmological model with a dark energy density of the form $\rho_{DE}(t)=\rho_X(t)+\rho_Z(t)$, where $\rho_X$ is the component that accelerates the Hubble expansion at late times and $\rho_Z(t)$ is an extra contribution proportional to $H^2(t)$. This form of $\rho_Z(t)$ follows from the recent proposal that the contribution of zero-point fluctuations of quantum fields to the total energy density should be computed by subtracting the Minkowski-space result from that computed in the FRW space-time. We discuss theoretical arguments that support this subtraction. By definition, this eliminates the quartic divergence in the vacuum energy density responsible for the cosmological constant problem. We show that the remaining quadratic divergence can be reabsorbed into a redefinition of Newton's constant only under the assumption that the energy-momentum tensor of vacuum fluctuations is conserved in isolation. However, in the presence of an ultra-light scalar field $X$ with $m_X

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