Early Afterglow and Variability

Details Early Afterglow and Variability Early Afterglow and Variability

May 2006

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2006aipc..836..301i&link_type=abstract

GAMMA-RAY BURSTS IN THE SWIFT ERA: Sixteenth Maryland Astrophysics Conference. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 836, pp. 301-

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

2

Gamma-Ray Sources, Gamma-Ray Bursts

Scientific paper

We show that simple kinematic arguments can give limits on variabilities in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows. These limits are violated by X-ray flares in the early afterglows recently identified by the Swift satellite. We discuss that a probable solution is that the central engine continues to eject an intermittent outflow for a very long timescale up to 1 day. This long-lived engine model may also explain the flat decay of early X-ray afterglows, while the gamma-ray efficiency of GRBs should be incredibly high (>75-90%) in this model. We suggest new possible models to evade this efficiency crisis and discuss implications for future observations.

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