Dynamic melting in plume heads: the formation of Gorgona komatiites and basalts

Details Dynamic melting in plume heads: the formation of Gorgona komatiites and basalts Dynamic melting in plume heads: the formation of Gorgona komatiites and basalts

Jan 1997

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1997e%26psl.146..289a&link_type=abstract

Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 146, Issue 1, p. 289-301.

Computer Science

28

Scientific paper

The small Pacific island of Gorgona, off the coast of Colombia, is well known for its spectacular spinifex-textured komatiites. These high-Mg liquids, which have been linked to a late Cretaceous deep mantle plume, are part of a volcanic series with a wide range of trace-element compositions, from moderately enriched basalts ( La/SmN ˜ 1.5) to extremely depleted ultramafic tuffs and picrites ( La/SmN ˜ 0.2). Neither fractional crystallization, nor partial melting of a homogeneous mantle source, can account for this large variation: the source must have been chemically heterogeneous. Low 143Nd/144Nd in the more enriched basalts indicates some initial source heterogeneity but most of the variation in magma compositions is believed to result from dynamic melting during the ascent of a plume. Modelling of major- and trace-element compositions suggests that ultramafic magmas formed at ˜ 60-100 km depth, and that the melt extraction that gave rise to their depleted sources started at still greater depths. The ultra-depleted lavas represent magmas derived directly from the hottest, most depleted parts of the plume; the more abundant moderately depleted basalts are interpreted as the products of pooling of liquids from throughout the melting region.

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