Dust formation in stellar winds. I - A rapid computational method and application to graphite condensation

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

Scientific paper

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Astronomical Models, Cosmic Dust, Graphite, Stellar Envelopes, Stellar Winds, Carbon, Differential Equations, Dissociation, Mathematical Models, Nucleation

Scientific paper

By taking moments of the Zeldovich equation, a hierarchy of ordinary differential equations describing the formation and growth of dust grains is derived and an appropriate closure procedure for this infinite system is developed. The resulting final system of six (resp. nine) ordinary differential equations provides a simple and fast method for calculating the most interesting properties of the particle size spectrum. Comparing the results of this type of calculations with a numerical solution of the system of master equations of the problem shows that the proposed simplified method yields numerical results of good accuracy. As a first application of the method, the condensation of graphite in C-rich stellar winds is calculated on the basis of a simple model for the outflow. It turns out that even if carbon does not condense into observable grains, a large number of clusters is formed which may serve as seed nuclei for dust growth in interstellar space.

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