Does the photochemistry of the troposphere admit more than one steady state?

Computer Science

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Atmospheric Chemistry, Nitrogen Oxides, Photochemical Reactions, Troposphere, Atmospheric Models, Concentration (Composition), Reaction Kinetics, Steady State

Scientific paper

The possibility of multiple steady states for tropospheric nitrogen oxides is examined, using a zero-dimensional (box) model. Conditions in the box are chosen to be representative of the free troposphere: 273 K temperature, concentrations of 1.7 x 10 to the 19th molecules per cu cm at an altitude of 4 km, and 3000 ppm water vapor. It is found that nitrogen oxides are released into the troposphere as insoluble gases which are not effectively scavenged by clouds and precipitation. The removal rate of NOx(= NO + NO2) is a function of nitrogen oxide concentration. NOx emission rates within a critical range are shown to support two or three different steady-state NOx concentrations. The nonstandard steady-states are characterized by low concentrations of ozones and radicals, and by high concentrations of normally scavenged trace gases. The emission rates required to support the alternative steady states appear to exceed present levels.

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