Does the Hubble Redshift Flip Photons and Gravitons?

Details Does the Hubble Redshift Flip Photons and Gravitons? Does the Hubble Redshift Flip Photons and Gravitons?

2011-11-09

arxiv.org/abs/1111.2331v1

Astrophysics and Space Science: Volume 339, Issue 1 (2012), Page 13-17

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics

18 pages, including 2 tables, one figure

Scientific paper

10.1007/s10509-012-0985-x

Due to the Hubble redshift, photon energy, chiefly in the form of CMBR photons, is currently disappearing from the universe at the rate of nearly 10^55 erg s^-1. An ongoing problem in cosmology concerns the fate of this energy. In one interpretation it is irretrievably lost, i.e., energy is not conserved on the cosmic scale. Here we consider a different possibility which retains universal energy conservation. If gravitational energy is redshifted in the same manner as photons, then it can be shown that the cosmic redshift removes gravitational energy from space at about the same rate as photon energy. Treating gravitational potential energy conventionally as negative energy, it is proposed that the Hubble shift 'flips' positive energy (photons) to negative energy (gravitons) and vice versa. The lost photon energy would thus be directed towards gravitation, making gravitational energy wells more negative. Conversely, within astrophysical bodies of sufficient size, the flipping of gravitons to photons would give rise to a 'Hubble luminosity' of magnitude -UH, where U is the internal gravitational potential energy of the object and H the Hubble constant. Evidence of such an energy release is presented in bodies ranging from planets, white dwarfs and neutron stars to supermassive black holes and the visible universe.

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