Diurnal, seasonal, and azimuthal variations of oblique-incidence backscatter sounding signals

Computer Science – Sound

Scientific paper

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Annual Variations, Diurnal Variations, Ionospheric Propagation, Ionospheric Sounding, Antenna Radiation Patterns, Atmospheric Attenuation, Dipole Antennas, Ionograms

Scientific paper

An analysis is made of diurnal, seasonal, and azimuthal variations of the minimal and maximal group path and the probability of appearance of oblique-incidence backscatter sounding signals over Dushanbe at a frequency of 20 MHz. Three types of signals are identified: single-hop with reflection from the sporadic E layer, and single-hop and double-hop in the near-earth F channel. Typical here is the presence of long-range (double-hop) signals in the southern sector in the fall and winter in the daytime, which is explained by high values of the maximum allowable frequency, low absorption, and good scattering properties of the earth surface (mountains) in this sector.

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