Distances to planetary nebulae. I - The reddening-distance method

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics

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Astrometry, Distance, Interstellar Extinction, Planetary Nebulae, Astronomical Catalogs, Early Stars, Open Clusters, Stellar Spectrophotometry, Stellar Temperature

Scientific paper

Distances to 12 planetary nebulae are derived from the increase of interstellar reddening with distance along the lines of sight of the nebulae. The reddening-distance relations are determined using Walraven VBLUW photometry of stars in small fields around the planetary nebulae. With a theoretical calibration of the VBLUW colors the effective temperature, surface gravity and reddening are determined for early type stars. Distances are then determined by means of a luminosity calibration which is based on the stellar evolution models of Hejlesen (1980). The reddenings of the planetary nebulae are determined using a number of different methods. The amount of internal reddening is estimated. The planetary nebula distances derived from the reddening-distance relations have accuracies of 10 to 40 percent. This is a substantial improvement compared to accuracies of previously determined distances. As a byproduct, the distance to the young open cluster NGC 2453 is determined.

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