Dislocation mechanisms in olivine and flow in the upper mantle

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Scientific paper

The mechanisms of crystal slip in olivine in peridotite xenoliths from alkalic basalts have been investigated by high-voltage (up to 1 MeV) electron petrography. The microstructures were correlated with optical petrographic examination and compared with peridotite specimens deformed in the laboratory at high temperatures and pressures. The dislocation structures evident in the specimens deformed experimentally at the highest temperatures studied are indistinguishable from those in the naturally deformed rocks. Slip within the olivine crystals occurs by propagation of unit dislocations on the system {Ok1} [100] and, accompanying this process, edge components of the dislocation loops climb into kink-band walls parallel to (100) and the screw components cross-slip into walls parallel to (001), leading to the development of prismatic subgrains elongated parallel to [010]. New, recrystallized, grains exhibit these same substructural features, indicating that recrystallization in the mantle accompanies rather than succeeds deformation. It is concluded that dislocation climb is the probable rate-controlling factor in flow of olivine in the mantle.

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