Discreteness of spectrum and positivity criteria for Schrödinger operators

Details Discreteness of spectrum and positivity criteria for Schrödinger operators Discreteness of spectrum and positivity criteria for Schrödinger operators

2003-05-19

arxiv.org/abs/math/0305278v3

Annals of Mathematics, vol 162 (2005), 919 - 942

Mathematics

Spectral Theory

24 pages, final version, some minor misprints corrected

Scientific paper

We provide a class of necessary and sufficient conditions for the discreteness of spectrum of Schr\"odinger operators with scalar potentials which are semibounded below. The classical discreteness of spectrum criterion by A.M.Molchanov (1953) uses a notion of negligible set in a cube as a set whose Wiener's capacity is less than a small constant times the capacity of the cube. We prove that this constant can be taken arbitrarily between 0 and 1. This solves a problem formulated by I.M.Gelfand in 1953. Moreover, we extend the notion of negligibility by allowing the constant to depend on the size of the cube. We give a complete description of all negligibility conditions of this kind. The a priori equivalence of our conditions involving different negligibility classes is a non-trivial property of the capacity. We also establish similar strict positivity criteria for the Schr\"odinger operators with non-negative potentials.

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