Discrete and diffuse aurora observed from Scotland: the Merry Dancers and the Northern Dawn

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Two types of aurora are frequently observed from Scotland, the one discrete and the other diffuse. The discrete aurora is a highly active event popularly known as the Merry Dancers. It is a short-lived, rayed arc with a sharp lower border and is usually associated with intense magnetic activity. These features indicate that it is generated by boundary plasma sheet electrons. It is a discrete arc that has migrated south with the discrete auroral oval in response to increased magnetic activity. In contrast, the diffuse aurora is a quiet event popularly known as the Northern Dawn. It is a long-lived, homogeneous arc with a diffuse lower border and is usually associated with weak magnetic activity. These features indicate that it is generated by central plasma sheet electrons. It is an arc of diffuse-continuous aurora that has migrated south with the diffuse oval in response to north/south changes in the interplanetary magnetic field. Thus the Merry Dancers stem from the discrete auroral oval and the Northern Dawn from the diffuse auroral oval.

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