Discovery of Three New B[e] Supergiants in the Small Magellanic Cloud

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Scientific paper

We present the discovery of three new B[e] supergiants (SgB[e]) in the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). All three stars (R15, R38, and R48) were identified in the course of our Runaways and Isolated O Type Star Spectroscopic Survey of the SMC (RIOTS4). The stars show optical spectra that closely resemble those of previously known B[e] stars, presenting numerous forbidden emission lines such as [Fe II] and [Si II], and low ionization permitted metal lines such as Fe II. Furthermore, our stars have luminosities of log(L/L&sun;) > 4, and at least two of the three stars show P Cygni profiles in Balmer recombination lines, demonstrating that they are supergiants. However, we find lower infrared excesses and weaker forbidden emission lines than for previously identified B[e] supergiants. This suggests that our stars have less material in their circumstellar disks than other SgB[e] stars, or that the circumstellar material has a lower metallicity than previously identified SgB[e] stars. Our scenario is supported by the fact that the SMC is of lower metallicity than either the Large Magellanic Cloud or the Galaxy, which implies lower circumstellar dust content. Funding for this project was provided by NSF grant AST-0907758.

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