Other
Scientific paper
Dec 2010
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2010agufmsa33a1748r&link_type=abstract
American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2010, abstract #SA33A-1748
Other
[0305] Atmospheric Composition And Structure / Aerosols And Particles, [0342] Atmospheric Composition And Structure / Middle Atmosphere: Energy Deposition, [0360] Atmospheric Composition And Structure / Radiation: Transmission And Scattering, [3305] Atmospheric Processes / Climate Change And Variability
Scientific paper
Rockets are the sole source of human produced nonvolatile particulate directly injected into the atmosphere above 20 km altitude. The main components of rocket particulate are submicron black carbon soot (BC) from hydrocarbon (HC) fueled engines and Al2O3 (alumina) from solid rocket motors. Since the emission index and atmospheric lifetime of BC emitted by rockets are each several orders of magnitude greater than those of aircraft, the direct shortwave (SW) radiative forcing (RF) of rocket BC could be comparable to aircraft, even though the amount of HC fuel burned in the stratosphere by rockets is small compared to aircraft. The net RF of alumina particulate, on the other hand, is more uncertain. Alumina possesses large SW scattering and large longwave (LW) absorption so that the net RF for alumina is a strong function of particle size. For submicron alumina particles that constitute the steady state stratospheric population from solid rockets, the SW scattering and LW absorption efficiencies are comparable and the net RF depends on the assumed properties of the steady state population. We present calculations of the SW and LW optical properties of BC and alumina emitted by rocket engines and estimates of the global direct RF under various assumptions of engine type combinations and growth in the space transport sector. We compare these results to the RF associated with other transport sectors and the direct RF from the CO2 emissions from the space transport sector.
Mills Michael J.
Ross Malcolm
Toohey Darin W.
Zittel P.
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