Direct measurement of the ionization states of energetic carbon and oxygen emitted by the sun

Details Direct measurement of the ionization states of energetic carbon and oxygen emitted by the sun Direct measurement of the ionization states of energetic carbon and oxygen emitted by the sun

May 1977

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1977apj...214..316s&link_type=abstract

Astrophysical Journal, Part 1, vol. 214, May 15, 1977, p. 316-327.

Other

15

Carbon, Ion Charge, Oxygen Ions, Solar Corona, Solar Cosmic Rays, Solar Flares, Abundance, Electrostatic Charge, Energy Spectra, Explorer Satellites, Ionized Gases, Particle Energy, Satellite Observation, Solar Flux Density, Temperature Measurement, Trapped Particles

Scientific paper

The ionization states of carbon and oxygen accelerated in nine solar-flare particle events have been measured for energies between 15 keV per nucleon and 600 keV per nucleon, using the electrostatic energy-charge analyzer aboard the IMP 8 earth-orbiting spacecraft. The ionization states are found to be remarkably constant from flare to flare, despite great variations in other event parameters. The mean ionic charge for carbon is 5.7, and that for oxygen is 6.2; these values show no statistically significant variation with energy over the range of measurements. The observed states are similar to the respective ionization states in the solar wind. The measured ionization charge states of C and O are shown to be consistent with charge equilibrium established with an electron gas at a temperature of about 1.5 million K, the temperature of the quiet corona. This implies either that the charge states are 'frozen-in' and are not changed by subsequent acceleration and propagation, or that the ions are trapped in the quiet corona after acceleration.

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