Direct detection of martian microorganisms based on fluorescence microscopy

Computer Science

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Scientific paper

The direct detection of microorganisms and their traces using optical microscopes is one of the most promising techniques to obtain the decisive evidences for extraterrestrial life. The most significant points of this technique are high sensitivity and spatial information with a resolution of 0.2mm. Besides, information on local environments and microscopic ecology can also be obtained. Many difficulties, however, must be solved to get reliable results. We have started to develop a noble technique based on the fluorescence microscopy with special interest to the detection of microorganisms in extreme environments including Mars. The principle is to detect molecules/subcellular organs which are responsible for the three basic characteristics of life; genetic information, metabolism, and discrimination of self from non-self. We have screened fluorescence probes and found several are applicable. We could detect almost all the microorganisms already identified. Discrimination of viable from dead cells was possible. The terrestrial microfossils, some of the artificial primitive microorganism-like-objects, dried bacteria and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons mixed with simulated Martian sand could be detected. We are now designing a compact detection hardware.

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