Diffraction limited imaging using large ground-based telescopes

Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astronomy

Scientific paper

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Atmospheric Turbulence, Diffraction Limited Cameras, Imaging Techniques, Near Infrared Radiation, Telescopes, Wave Diffraction, Image Processing, Image Resolution, Point Spread Functions, Scaling, Seeing (Astronomy)

Scientific paper

It is generally thought that the resolution of large ground-based telescopes is limited by atmospheric turbulence rather than by diffraction from the telescope aperture. However, longer wavelengths are less affected by atmospheric turbulence than shorter wavelengths and, conversely, longer wavelengths are more affected by diffraction from the telescope aperture. An optimum wavelength exists where these two counteracting effects balance. At this wavelength, maximum (diffraction-limited) resolution is obtained. In night seeing conditions at typical telescope sites, the optimum wavelength is in the range 1-2.5 microns. For a 5-m telescope, it should be possible to obtain resolution of the order 0.05-0.15 arcsec routinely at these wavelengths. However, to facilitate such precise resolution the telescope must be diffraction-limited.

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