Determination of alkali metals in meteorites by a distillation process

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Scientific paper

The method of analysis described is based on the volatilization of chlorides from silicates in an induction-heated crucible within a water-cooled jacket. In this way potassium and other chlorides which would react with a heated furnace wall are quantitatively recovered as a volatile product in a form suitable for measurement by name-spectrophotometry without further chemical processing. The consistency of recovery of sodium and potassium from silicates initially containing less than 1 per cent and 0.1 per cent respectively is ±3 per cent. This article primarily describes the estimation of alkali metals in meteorites, but spectrographic evidence is included showing that zinc, lead, and silver for example are also concentrated in the volatile product and are absent in the residue, as would be expected from thermodynamical reasoning. The alkali metals in chondrites are shown to be much lower and less variable than suggested by and . Analyses of potassium in meteorites by wet-chemical analysis are shown to be unreliable. Our results compare favourably with those obtained spectrochemically by , , and . Alkali measurements are reported for carbonaceous chondrites and some achondrites. In the chondrites (exclusive of the carbonaceous chondritee) which showed no distinctly visible signs of oxidation (14), the average sodium was 0.70 per cent with all values between 0.66 and 0.74 per cent, and the average potassium 0.088 per cent with all values between 0.084 and 0.095 per cent. For all chondrites examined (21) (again exclusive of the carbonaceous chondrites) the average sodium was 0.67 per cent with all values between 0.47 and 0.74 per cent, and the average potassium 0.085 per cent with all values between 0.058 and 0.102 per cent. The carbonaceous chondrites are more variable and generally have lower concentration of sodium and potassium. The achondrites examined (4) are highly variable in composition.

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