Detailed geological mapping by submersible of the East Pacific Rise axial graben near 13°N

Details Detailed geological mapping by submersible of the East Pacific Rise axial graben near 13°N Detailed geological mapping by submersible of the East Pacific Rise axial graben near 13°N

Jun 1986

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1986e%26psl..78..224g&link_type=abstract

Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Volume 78, Issue 2-3, p. 224-236.

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Scientific paper

An intensive exploration of the East Pacific Rise spreading center was conducted in two areas of restricted size near 13°N: site A (0.75 km2) and site B (0.15 km2). The two sites were chosen for their different general appearance based on data acquired previously. A large number of submersible dives (``Cyana'') at site A (21) and site B (6), has permitted the construction of morpho-structural maps at a scale of 1/1000. This paper compares the two areas on the basis of their structure, morphology, lava types, hydrothermal activity and mineral associations.
The observed variations are interpreted as the expression of different stages of a cyclic evolution of the axial zone of mid-ocean ridges in contrast to the steady-state model. In this evolution, a tectonic phase leads to the creation of the axial graben by progressive collapse of slabs separated by fissuring of the rise. After extension of the graben, the tectonic phase is followed by a volcanic phase which partially or locally fills in the central graben with volcanic effusions. Ultimately, a dome replaces the central graben with lava flowing down the flanks of the rise. Hydrothermal activity does not appear to be preferentially linked to a given stage of this cyclic evolution.
This evolution of alternate tectonic and volcanic cycles best explains observations at sites A and B, which are only 5.5 km apart. Possible magmatic processes responsible for these cycles are discussed.

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