Depth to Diameter Ratios of New Martian Craters from HiRISE Images

Mathematics – Logic

Scientific paper

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Scientific paper

More than 90 new primary impact sites have been identified by the Context camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter and confirmed with HiRISE. Before and after images date these impacts at only months to decades old. The 25-cm pixel scale of HiRISE data allows us to study the morphology of these extremely young and extremely small (10 meter-scale) craters.
142 craters were measured at 44 separate new impact sites. About half of those sites are single-crater impacts, while the rest consist of clusters of craters, which were measured individually when large enough to resolve. Depths were calculated from shadow measurements assuming a simple parabolic shape using the technique of Chappelow & Sharpton (2002). The measurements follow a power law fit: d=0.28*D0.97. No statistical difference was found between single-crater sites and cluster sites.
These new impacts seem to result in slightly deeper craters on average than previously found for older, larger simple craters, although the fit converges with previous studies at larger sizes. If the difference is statistically significant, it could be related to their extreme youth, their small sizes, uncertainties in the depth measurements due to non-parabolic shapes, or the target material properties. Since detection relies on low-resolution identification of dark blast zones where surface dust has been disturbed, these new craters are concentrated in areas of uniform dust cover and often significant mantling. Morphological features such as flat floors and benches may provide a measure of the depth of this mantling and an estimate of its effect on the observed d/D.

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