Density of high-Ti basalt magma at high pressure and origin of heterogeneities in the lunar mantle

Mathematics – Logic

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The density of the Apollo 14 black glass melt, which has the highest TiO2 content of pristine mare glasses, was measured to 4.8 GPa and 2100 K using an X-ray absorption method. A fit of the pressure-density-temperature data to the high-temperature Birch-Murnaghan equation of state yielded the isothermal bulk modulus KT0 = 9.0 ± 1.2 GPa, its pressure derivative K0′ = 16.0 ± 3.4, and the temperature derivative of the bulk modulus (∂KT/∂T)P = -0.0030 ± 0.0008 GPa/K at 1700 K. The high-Ti basalt magma is less dense than the lunar mantle below about 1.0 GPa. Therefore, the high-Ti basalt magma produced in the hybridized source (100-200 km) can ascend to the lunar surface. The basalt formed at the higher pressure could not ascend but move downwards, and solidify in the lunar mantle. The solidified high-Ti basalt components can create chemical heterogeneities in the lunar mantle and can cause the low-velocity anomalies observed seismologically.

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