Density and Excitation Mapping of M2-9

Details Density and Excitation Mapping of M2-9 Density and Excitation Mapping of M2-9

Dec 1999

adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1999aj....118.2919p&link_type=abstract

The Astronomical Journal, Volume 118, Issue 6, pp. 2919-2928.

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astronomy

18

Ism: Jets And Outflows, Ism: Kinematics And Dynamics, Planetary Nebulae: Individual (M2-9)

Scientific paper

We have acquired imaging of the bipolar outflow M2-9 in the transitions [O III] λ5007, H I λ6563, [N II] λ6584, and [S II] λλ6717, 6731. As a result, we are able to map both excitation and density over the face of the nebula. We find that underlying densities in the lobes increase to ne~1.6x103 cm-3 at distances rp~12"-15" from the central star, after which they again decrease to ne<200 cm-3 for rp>27". Superposed upon this are various density knots, associated with the visual condensations, in which peak values of ne are of order 6.3x103 cm-3. These appear to be responsible for low-excitation shadowing of the outer envelope. All of these features (the density peaks, and broad underlying density variation) are shown to be consistent with a particular model of shock excitation, in which an interior wind is shock-interacting with an external neutral envelope. Such a model appears also to be consistent with trends in [O III]/Hα and [S II]/Hα, which (for the northern lobe at least) appear most consistent with shock excitation.

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