Statistics – Applications
Scientific paper
Sep 2006
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2006dps....38.4506p&link_type=abstract
American Astronomical Society, DPS meeting #38, #45.06; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 38, p.568
Statistics
Applications
Scientific paper
Traditional applications of passive reflectance or emission spectroscopy are poorly suited for astrobiology of icy satellite surfaces, because ice is strongly absorbing and masks spectral regions where organics are active. Two recent Flagship missions, Galileo and Cassini, observed Europa with multiple instruments but failed to detect any organic molecules on its surface, highlighting the difficulty of conducting astrobiology from orbit. We are studying a new mission concept that would directly address the organic composition and habitability of the subsurface. This mission, inspired by the recent success of Deep Impact, uses a hypervelocity impactor launched from a Jupiter-orbiting spacecraft, to excavate to below the depth of the radiation-altered layer. The aim is not to penetrate to the ocean, but to impact into a region where material from the ocean likely migrated toward the surface. Although now frozen, this material is expected to contain remnants of organics and other oceanic material, unaltered by irradiation given a sufficient excavation depth. The organic and bulk compositions of the near surface will be characterized in the plumes and in the fallen ejecta using emission and reflectance spectroscopy. Additionally, high-resolution images of the crater will be taken during subsequent flybys to determine approximate properties of the ice shell. We expect such a mission could use conventional propulsion and could potentially fit within a New Frontiers class cost-cap. Such a mission would serve to bridge the science gap between an orbiter and a lander, and would provide vital information that will help in the science planning and instrument selection for follow-on landed missions. Alternatively, this mission concept could be used in conjunction with a Flagship-class orbiter mission to dramatically increase its science return. This mission concept has general applicability and would be relevant to all airless icy satellites of interest, including Europa and Enceladus.
Collins Geoffrey
Dunham David
Hibbitts Karl
Lisse Carey
Meech Karen
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