Cusp current modeling: A systematic approach

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Birkeland Currents, Convection Cells, Dynamic Response, Earth Ionosphere, Earth Magnetosphere, Interplanetary Magnetic Fields, Ionospheric Currents, Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling, Polar Caps, Polar Cusps, Solar Terrestrial Interactions, Solar Wind

Scientific paper

We describe the achievement of a significant step in a program whose ultimate goal is a self-consistent model that mathces cusp currents from both ionospheric and magnetospheric sources. Building on existing models, we calculate currents that arise from the ionosphere's ohmic response to the interplanetary electric field mapped to the polar cap. Unlike other models, the mapping is confined to the vicinity of the cusp, simulating limited direct communication with the solar wind, as mandated by recent observations. The mapped area is then inserted into the dayside gap of a purely ionospheric expanding polar cap model. The resulting two-cell convection patterns have a pronounced kink in the antisunward flow contours at the poleward boundary of the cusp area, where it joins the expanding polar cap. A similar kink appears in the Heppner-Maynard empirical patterns; the model implies that it marks the boundary where the ionosphere takes control from the solar wind. The model serves as a first tool for identifying Birkeland current types and causes.

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