Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics – General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Scientific paper
2009-04-02
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
11 pages, new material added
Scientific paper
We recognize the natural covariant extension for energy-momentum in general relativity: energy-momentum in spacetime as opposed to space. The key indicator is the Tolman energy integral for stationary systems. The demand that the general expression for arbitrary dynamic systems reduce to the Tolman integral in the case of stationarity leads to the matter-localized Ricci integral for energy-momentum in support of the energy localization hypothesis. The role of the observer is addressed and it is recognized that the field of freely-falling observers extract the global Tolman energy. It is suggested that in the extreme of strong gravity, the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle be generalized in terms of spacetime energy-momentum.
Cooperstock Fred I.
Dupre Maurice J.
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