Cosmology, Clusters, and Chemistry: How Supernovae Trace and Shape The Universe

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The LSST will discover over one million supernovae during its 10-year survey. This overwhelming compendium of stellar death throes will allow for novel techniques and insights to be brought to bear in our study of the evolution of the Universe, large-scale structure, supernova explosion physics, and star formation and evolution. The LSST sample of hundreds of thousands of well-studied Type Ia supernovae (SNeIa) will allow the current generation of SN Ia cosmology experiments to be replicated several hundred times over in different directions and regions across the sky for a stringent test of homogeneity and isotropy. Samples of supernovae of all types as a function of redshift, galaxy type, environment, and supernova properties will allow for a detailed investigation of supernova evolution and the relationship between supernovae and the processing of baryons in galaxies, which is one of the keys to understanding galaxy formation. Such large samples of supernovae, supplemented by additional follow-up observation will reveal details of supernova explosions both from the large statistics of fiducial classes of supernovae and the extra leverage and perspective of the outliers. The skewness of the brightness distribution of SNeIa as a function of redshift will encode the lensing structure of the massive systems traversed by the SN light on the way to us on Earth. There will even be enough SNeIa to construct a SNIa-only baryon acoustic oscillation measurement that will provide independent checks on the more precise galaxy-based method as well as allowing for a SNIa-only constraint on Omega_M. Taken together with SNIa BAO measurements, this will allow SNeIa alone to constrain sigma_8 and Omega_M, and the properties of dark energy over the past 10 billion years of cosmic history.

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