Cosmological Simulations: The Effect Of ISM Heating And Cooling On The Central Mass Distribution Of Spiral Galaxies

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Scientific paper

The preferential removal of low-angular momentum gas from spiral galaxies through supernova feedback promises to be an effective method for lowering the central concentration in simulated galaxies and producing smaller, more realistic bulges. We study how the removal of low angular momentum gas by supernovae in simulations is affected by the structure of the interstellar media (ISM). Using high-resolution Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic simulations with efficient supernova feedback in a fully cosmological Lambda CDM context, we followed the evolution of two field galaxies with a maximum velocity of 120 km/s to a redshift of zero. We analyzed the final structure of these galaxies when simulated with three different models of the ISM: primordial (H+He) cooling down to 104 K, additional cooling via metal lines and to lower temperatures, and cooling including both metal lines and shielded molecular hydrogen (H2). We compared the bulge magnitudes and sizes of the simulated galaxies to observed galaxies and found that galaxies simulated either with just primordial cooling or with H2 and metal line cooling in addition to primordial cooling produce realistic bulges. Similarly, these two ISM models produce galaxies with non-centrally peaked rotation curves. For the simulation with just primordial cooling, supernova feedback is more efficient at removing low-angular momentum material because of its artificially high temperature floor. For the simulations with H2, the greater loss of low angular momentum material by supernova feedback is caused by the greater clumpiness of the ISM resulting from the lower temperature floor. The addition of H2, therefore, produces simulations with both more realistic ISMs and more realistic bulges.

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