Astronomy and Astrophysics – Astrophysics
Scientific paper
Nov 2007
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2007auhe.conf...63h&link_type=abstract
ASTROPHYSICS AT ULTRA-HIGH ENERGIES. Proceedings of the 15th Course of the International School of Cosmic Ray Astrophysics . Hel
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Astrophysics
Cosmic Rays, Knee, Air Showers, Heitler Model
Scientific paper
The energies of cosmic rays, fully ionized charged nuclei, extend over a wide range up to 1020 eV. A particularly interesting energy region spans from 1014 to 1018 eV, where the all-particle energy spectrum exhibits two interesting structures, the `knee' and the `second knee'. An explanation of these features is thought to be an important step in understanding of the origin of the high-energy particles. Recent results of air shower experiments in this region are discussed. Special attention is drawn to explain the principle of air shower measurements -- a simple Heitler model of (hadronic) air showers is developed.
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