Computer Science – Sound
Scientific paper
Aug 1988
adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=1988apj...331..336k&link_type=abstract
Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 331, Aug. 1, 1988, p. 336-342.
Computer Science
Sound
8
Cosmic Rays, Energetic Particles, Hydrodynamic Equations, Particle Acceleration, Relativistic Particles, Shock Wave Propagation, Flow Velocity, Shock Fronts
Scientific paper
A test particle description of first-order Fermi acceleration of cosmic rays at plane-parallel relativistic shocks is presented in which the pitch angle distribution is obtained explicitly and used to determine the pressure anisotropy or variable Eddington factor as a function of position. The Eddington factor is in turn used to find the hydrodynamical cosmic-ray sound speed, taking the anisotropy into account. For upstream flows speeds above c/sq rt 3, it is shown that the cosmic-ray sound speed exceeds the shock speed in a region just upstream of the shock and decreases montonically with distance further upstream, reaching the value c/sq rt 3 far from the shock. Thus, the shock succeeds in maintaining an anisotropy in the cosmic-ray distribution which is sufficient to keep the flow subsonic with respect to the cosmic-ray sound speed both downstream and in a finite region upstream. The astrophysical implications of these findings are discussed.
Kirk John G.
Webb Gary M.
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