Cosmic ray gradient and anisotropy according to the 'Prognoz-3' and 'Mars-7' data

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Galactic Cosmic Rays, Particle Flux Density, Satellite Sounding, Solar Wind Velocity, Anisotropy, Gradients, Interstellar Matter, Mars 7 Spacecraft, Prognoz Satellites

Scientific paper

Gradients and anisotropy of the 1 MeV or more proton and 40 keV or more electron fluxes have been studied on the basis of simultaneous measurements with the same instrumentation on the 'Prognoz-3' and 'Mars-7' spacecraft in November 1973 February 1974. Four recurrent cosmic ray increases are analyzed. It is established that the increases are connected with the interplanetary medium parameters, i.e. the solar wind velocity and the magnetic field sign and magnitude. In the four increases, the electron flux gradient at a distance as high as 1.5 A.U. is negative and equal to about 300 percent per A.U. The prolonged (many-day) negative anisotropy of the 1-150 MeV proton-fluxes in February 1974 is established on the basis of the 'Mars-7' data. These protons are primarily directed sunward, implying that the protons are moving to the solar system from the interstellar medium.

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