Control of the ionospheric conductivities on large-scale Birkeland current intensities under geomagnetic quiet conditions

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Birkeland Currents, Electric Fields, Geomagnetism, Ionospheric Conductivity, Ionospheric Currents, Magsat Satellites, Solar Radiation, Current Density, Earth Magnetosphere, Electrodynamics

Scientific paper

In order to investigate the characteristics of generation mechanisms of large-scale Birkeland currents from the standpoint of relative importance of a voltage source and a current source, the relationships between large-scale Birkeland current intensities and ionospheric conductivities have been quantitatively determined under geomagnetic quiet conditions. The large-scale Birkeland currents are the well-defined region 1 and region 2 systems that were determined from transverse magnetic disturbances acquired with the Magsat satellite over the entire polar regions except for the midnight sector. The ionospheric conductivities were determined by solar EUV ionization. The region 1 and region 2 systems exhibit different dependence on ionospheric conductivities. The region 1 current intensities are proportional linearly to the conductivities at all MLTs. The region 2 currents also show a dependence on ionospheric conductivities, but they have in general poorer correlations at all MLTs than the region 1 currents have. These are common both in the northern and southern polar regions. These findings suggest that the large-scale region 1 system is primarily driven by voltage generators in the magnetosphere. On the other hand, the region 2 system seems to be driven by a combination of voltage and current generators.

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