Constraining the Weight of Gravity: A Test of the Strong Equivalence Principle using Lunar Laser-Ranging

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The University of Washington has recently embarked on a Lunar Laser-Ranging campaign aimed at measuring the earth-moon separation with millimeter precision. This will be the strongest test to date of the Strong Equivalence Principle and other fundamental gravitational questions. The Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO) will employ the 3.5 meter telescope at the Apache Point Observatory in southern New Mexico. This instrument will result in the detection of several return photons per outgoing laser pulse, a dramatic improvement over current signal rates. This improved signal rate will yield a better understanding of the systematic errors involved as well as allow for operation during high-background conditions such as the full moon and twilight. In order to deal with the high signal rate, an array of avalanche photodiodes will oversample the return spot and time-tag each return photon. A precision gravimeter will also be placed at the site to measure the vertical crustal deformation due to geophysical effects including solid earth tides and ocean, atmospheric and ground water loading. These measurements will be used to constrain the modeling that will ultimately produce the final result.

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