Constraining the energy budget of GRB 080721

Details Constraining the energy budget of GRB 080721 Constraining the energy budget of GRB 080721

2008-12-12

arxiv.org/abs/0812.2490v2

Mon.Not.Roy.Astron.Soc. 400:90-99,2009

Astronomy and Astrophysics

Astrophysics

11 pages, 6 figures (3 colour), accepted for publication in MNRAS following minor revision of Sections 4.2 and 5

Scientific paper

10.1111/j.1365-2966.2009.15443.x

We follow the bright, highly energetic afterglow of Swift-discovered GRB 080721 at z=2.591 out to 36 days or 3e6 s since the trigger in the optical and X-ray bands. We do not detect a break in the late-time light curve inferring a limit on the opening angle of theta_j >= 7.3 deg and setting tight constraints on the total energy budget of the burst of E_gamma >= 9.9e51 erg within the fireball model. To obey the fireball model closure relations the GRB jet must be expanding into a homogeneous surrounding medium and likely lies behind a significant column of dust. The energy constraint we derive can be used as observational input for models of the progenitors of long gamma-ray bursts: we discuss how such high collimation-corrected energies could be accommodated with certain parameters of the standard massive star core-collapse models. We can, however, most probably rule out a magnetar progenitor for this GRB which would require 100% efficiency to reach the observed total energy.

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